Android中自定義View和自定義動畫

Android FrameWork 層給我們提供瞭很多界面組件,但是在實際的商業開發中這些組件往往並不能完全滿足我們的需求,這時候我們就需要自定義我們自己的視圖和動畫。

我們要重寫系統的View就必須瞭解View的基本用法和結構,如下圖所示是Android官方指導中的View結構圖:

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”brush:java;”>package com.example.testmyanimation;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.AnimationSet;
import android.view.animation.LinearInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.TranslateAnimation;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.LinearLayout.LayoutParams;

public class MyButton extends Button{
private Context context;
private LayoutParams params;
public MyButton(Context context) {
super(context);
this.context = context;
//setOnClickListener(this);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public MyButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
this.context = context;
//setOnClickListener(this);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public MyButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
this.context = context;
//setOnClickListener(this);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

/*@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//加載動畫資源
//final Animation anim = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(context, R.anim.myanim);
startAnimation(new MyAnimation());
System.out.println(“我點瞭”);
}*/

@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) getContext()
.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
int width = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
int height = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();

float x = event.getRawX() – event.getX();
float y = event.getRawY() -event.getY();

//MyAnimation mAnimation = new MyAnimation(width – x , height – y, 1000);
AnimationSet mAnimation=new AnimationSet(false);
TranslateAnimation translateAnimationX=new TranslateAnimation(0, width – x, 0, 0);
translateAnimationX.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());
// translateAnimationX.setRepeatCount(200);
TranslateAnimation translateAnimationY=new TranslateAnimation(0, 0, 0, height – y);
translateAnimationY.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
// translateAnimationY.setRepeatCount(200);
mAnimation.addAnimation(translateAnimationY);
mAnimation.addAnimation(translateAnimationX);
mAnimation.setDuration(500);
mAnimation.setAnimationListener(new Animation.AnimationListener(){
@Override
public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//LinearLayout.LayoutParams params = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(20, 20);
setLayoutParams(params);
setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
}

@Override
public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
params = (LayoutParams) getLayoutParams();
LinearLayout.LayoutParams layout_params = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(20, 20);
setLayoutParams(layout_params);
setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.b1);

}});
startAnimation(mAnimation);

}
return true;
}

}

(2)在xml文件中使用如下:

	
	
	

下面來介紹一下Animation及重寫Animation,在Android中使用Animation代表抽象的動畫類,它包括如下幾個子類:

(1)AlphaAnimation :透明度改變的動畫。

(2)ScaleAnimation:大小縮放的動畫。

(3)TranslateAnimation:位移變化的動畫。

(4)RotateAnimation:旋轉動畫。

然而在實際項目中透明度、縮放、位移、旋轉這幾種動畫並不能滿足我們的需求,這時候就需要用到自定義動畫,自定義動畫需要繼承Animation,並重寫applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t)方法,該方法中的兩個參數說明:

interpolatedTime:該參數代表瞭時間的進行程度(如:你設置的時間是1000ms, 那麼interploatedTime就會從0開始一直到1)

Transformation:代表補間動畫在不同時刻對圖形或組建的變形程度。該對象中封裝瞭一個Matrix對象,對它所包含的Matrix對象進行位移、傾斜、旋轉等變換時,Transformation將會控制對應的圖片或視圖進行相應的變換。

為瞭控制圖片或View進行三維空間的變換,還需要借助於Android提供的一個Camera類,該類是一個空間變換工具,作用有點類似於Matrix,提供瞭如下常用的方法。

getMatrix(Matrix matrix) :將Camera所做的變換應用到指定的maxtrix上

rotateX(float deg):將目標組件沿X軸旋轉

rotateY(float deg)、rotateZ(float deg)

translate(float x, float y, float z):把目標組件在三維空間類進行位移變換。

applyToCanvas(Canvas canvas):把Camera所做的變換應用到Canvas上。

具體自定義實現如下:

package com.example.testmyanimation;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Camera;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.Transformation;

public class MyAnimation extends Animation{
	private float moveX;
	private float moveY;
	private int duration;
	private Camera camera = new Camera();
	public MyAnimation(float moveX, float moveY, int duration) {
		this.moveX = moveX;
		this.moveY = moveY;
		this.duration = duration;
	}
	
	

	public MyAnimation(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
	}

	@Override
	public void initialize(int width, int height, int parentWidth,
			int parentHeight) {
		super.initialize(width, height, parentWidth, parentHeight);
		//設置動畫的持續時間
		setDuration(duration);
		//設置動畫結束後保留效果
		setFillAfter(false);
		
		//setRepeatCount(2);
		//setRepeatMode(2);

		//播放速度
		setInterpolator(new MyInterprolator());
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t) {
		camera.save();
		camera.translate(0f + moveX * interpolatedTime,
				0f - moveY * interpolatedTime, 
				0f);
		//camera.rotateY(360 * (interpolatedTime) * 2);
		//camera.rotateX(360 * (interpolatedTime));
		//camera.rotateZ(360 * (interpolatedTime));
		Matrix matrix = t.getMatrix();
		camera.getMatrix(matrix);
		//matrix.preTranslate(-centerX, -centerY);
		//matrix.postTranslate(centerX, centerY);
		camera.restore();
	}

	
}

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