使用硬件:Google Nexus S,北京大學學生卡。(ps:筆者本想使用公交一卡通進行測試,發現手機不能正確識別)
手機操作系統:Android ICS 4.04。
開發時,筆者從Google Play Store上下載瞭NFC TagInfo軟件進行對比學習。所以我們可以使用任意一張能被TagInfo軟件正確識別的卡做測試。
在Android NFC 應用中,Android手機通常是作為通信中的發起者,也就是作為各種NFC卡的讀寫器。Android對NFC的支持主要在 android.nfc 和android.nfc.tech 兩個包中。
android.nfc 包中主要類如下:
NfcManager 可以用來管理Android設備中指出的所有NFCAdapter,但由於大部分Android設備隻支持一個NFC Adapter,所以一般直接調用getDefaultAapater來獲取手機中的Adapter。
NfcAdapter 相當於一個NFC適配器,類似於電腦裝瞭網絡適配器才能上網,手機裝瞭NfcAdapter才能發起NFC通信。
NDEF: NFC Data Exchange Format,即NFC數據交換格式。
NdefMessage 和NdefRecord NDEF 為NFC forum 定義的數據格式。
Tag 代表一個被動式Tag對象,可以代表一個標簽,卡片等。當Android設備檢測到一個Tag時,會創建一個Tag對象,將其放在Intent對象,然後發送到相應的Activity。
android.nfc.tech 中則定義瞭可以對Tag進行的讀寫操作的類,這些類按照其使用的技術類型可以分成不同的類如:NfcA, NfcB, NfcF,以及MifareClassic 等。其中MifareClassic比較常見。
在本次實例中,筆者使用北京大學學生卡進行數據讀取測試,學生卡的TAG類型為MifareClassic。
AndroidManifest.xml:
[html] <span style="font-size:16px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="org.reno"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name="org.reno.Beam"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:launchMode="singleTop" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"
android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter" />
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
</span>
<span style="font-size:16px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="org.reno"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name="org.reno.Beam"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:launchMode="singleTop" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"
android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter" />
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
</span>
res/xml/nfc_tech_filter.xml:
<resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
<tech-list>
<tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic</tech>
</tech-list>
</resources>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
表示會使用到硬件的NFC功能。並且當用戶在Google Play Store中搜索時,隻有帶有NFC功能的手機才能夠搜索到本應用。
當手機開啟瞭NFC,並且檢測到一個TAG後,TAG分發系統會自動創建一個封裝瞭NFC TAG信息的intent。如果多於一個應用程序能夠處理這個intent的話,那麼手機就會彈出一個框,讓用戶選擇處理該TAG的Activity。TAG分發系統定義瞭3中intent。按優先級從高到低排列為:
NDEF_DISCOVERED, TECH_DISCOVERED, TAG_DISCOVERED
當Android設備檢測到有NFC Tag靠近時,會根據Action申明的順序給對應的Activity 發送含NFC消息的 Intent。
此處我們使用的intent-filter的Action類型為TECH_DISCOVERED從而可以處理所有類型為ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED並且使用的技術為nfc_tech_filter.xml文件中定義的類型的TAG。
詳情可查看http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/nfc/nfc.html說明。下圖為當手機檢測到一個TAG時,啟用Activity的匹配過程。
res/layout/main.xml
[html] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ScrollView
android:id="@+id/scrollView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@android:drawable/edit_text" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/promt"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
android:singleLine="false"
android:text="@string/info" />
</ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ScrollView
android:id="@+id/scrollView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@android:drawable/edit_text" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/promt"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
android:singleLine="false"
android:text="@string/info" />
</ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>
定義瞭Activity的佈局:隻有一個帶有滾動條的TextView用於顯示從TAG中讀取的信息。
res/values/strings.xml
[html] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="app_name">NFC測試</string>
<string name="info">掃描中。。。</string>
</resources>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="app_name">NFC測試</string>
<string name="info">掃描中。。。</string>
</resources>
src/org/reno/Beam.java
[java] package org.reno;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Beam extends Activity {
NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
TextView promt;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
promt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.promt);
// 獲取默認的NFC控制器
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
if (nfcAdapter == null) {
promt.setText("設備不支持NFC!");
finish();
return;
}
if (!nfcAdapter.isEnabled()) {
promt.setText("請在系統設置中先啟用NFC功能!");
finish();
return;
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
//得到是否檢測到ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED觸發
if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED.equals(getIntent().getAction())) {
//處理該intent
processIntent(getIntent());
}
}
//字符序列轉換為16進制字符串
private String bytesToHexString(byte[] src) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("0x");
if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {
return null;
}
char[] buffer = new char[2];
for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {
buffer[0] = Character.forDigit((src[i] >>> 4) & 0x0F, 16);
buffer[1] = Character.forDigit(src[i] & 0x0F, 16);
System.out.println(buffer);
stringBuilder.append(buffer);
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
/**
* Parses the NDEF Message from the intent and prints to the TextView
*/
private void processIntent(Intent intent) {
//取出封裝在intent中的TAG
Tag tagFromIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
for (String tech : tagFromIntent.getTechList()) {
System.out.println(tech);
}
boolean auth = false;
//讀取TAG
MifareClassic mfc = MifareClassic.get(tagFromIntent);
try {
String metaInfo = "";
//Enable I/O operations to the tag from this TagTechnology object.
mfc.connect();
int type = mfc.getType();//獲取TAG的類型
int sectorCount = mfc.getSectorCount();//獲取TAG中包含的扇區數
String typeS = "";
switch (type) {
case MifareClassic.TYPE_CLASSIC:
typeS = "TYPE_CLASSIC";
break;
case MifareClassic.TYPE_PLUS:
typeS = "TYPE_PLUS";
break;
case MifareClassic.TYPE_PRO:
typeS = "TYPE_PRO";
break;
case MifareClassic.TYPE_UNKNOWN:
typeS = "TYPE_UNKNOWN";
break;
}
metaInfo += "卡片類型:" + typeS + "\n共" + sectorCount + "個扇區\n共"
+ mfc.getBlockCount() + "個塊\n存儲空間: " + mfc.getSize() + "B\n";
for (int j = 0; j < sectorCount; j++) {
//Authenticate a sector with key A.
auth = mfc.authenticateSectorWithKeyA(j,
MifareClassic.KEY_DEFAULT);
int bCount;
int bIndex;
if (auth) {
metaInfo += "Sector " + j + ":驗證成功\n";
// 讀取扇區中的塊
bCount = mfc.getBlockCountInSector(j);
bIndex = mfc.sectorToBlock(j);
for (int i = 0; i < bCount; i++) {
byte[] data = mfc.readBlock(bIndex);
metaInfo += "Block " + bIndex + " : "
+ bytesToHexString(data) + "\n";
bIndex++;
}
} else {
metaInfo += "Sector " + j + ":驗證失敗\n";
}
}
promt.setText(metaInfo);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package org.reno;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Beam extends Activity {
NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
TextView promt;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
promt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.promt);
// 獲取默認的NFC控制器
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
if (nfcAdapter == null) {
promt.setText("設備不支持NFC!");
finish();
return;
}
if (!nfcAdapter.isEnabled()) {
promt.setText("請在系統設置中先啟用NFC功能!");
finish();
return;
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
//得到是否檢測到ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED觸發
if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED.equals(getIntent().getAction())) {
//處理該intent
processIntent(getIntent());
}
}
//字符序列轉換為16進制字符串
private String bytesToHexString(byte[] src) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("0x");
if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {
return null;
}
char[] buffer = new char[2];
for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {
buffer[0] = Character.forDigit((src[i] >>> 4) & 0x0F, 16);
buffer[1] = Character.forDigit(src[i] & 0x0F, 16);
System.out.println(buffer);
stringBuilder.append(buffer);
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
/**
* Parses the NDEF Message from the intent and prints to the TextView
*/
private void processIntent(Intent intent) {
//取出封裝在intent中的TAG
Tag tagFromIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
for (String tech : tagFromIntent.getTechList()) {
System.out.println(tech);
}
boolean auth = false;
//讀取TAG
MifareClassic mfc = MifareClassic.get(tagFromIntent);
try {
String metaInfo = "";
//Enable I/O operations to the tag from this TagTechnology object.
mfc.connect();
int type = mfc.getType();//獲取TAG的類型
int sectorCount = mfc.getSectorCount();//獲取TAG中包含的扇區數
String typeS = "";
switch (type) {
case MifareClassic.TYPE_CLASSIC:
typeS = "TYPE_CLASSIC";
break;
case MifareClassic.TYPE_PLUS:
typeS = "TYPE_PLUS";
break;
case MifareClassic.TYPE_PRO:
typeS = "TYPE_PRO";
break;
case MifareClassic.TYPE_UNKNOWN:
typeS = "TYPE_UNKNOWN";
break;
}
metaInfo += "卡片類型:" + typeS + "\n共" + sectorCount + "個扇區\n共"
+ mfc.getBlockCount() + "個塊\n存儲空間: " + mfc.getSize() + "B\n";
for (int j = 0; j < sectorCount; j++) {
//Authenticate a sector with key A.
auth = mfc.authenticateSectorWithKeyA(j,
MifareClassic.KEY_DEFAULT);
int bCount;
int bIndex;
if (auth) {
metaInfo += "Sector " + j + ":驗證成功\n";
// 讀取扇區中的塊
bCount = mfc.getBlockCountInSector(j);
bIndex = mfc.sectorToBlock(j);
for (int i = 0; i < bCount; i++) {
byte[] data = mfc.readBlock(bIndex);
metaInfo += "Block " + bIndex + " : "
+ bytesToHexString(data) + "\n";
bIndex++;
}
} else {
metaInfo += "Sector " + j + ":驗證失敗\n";
}
}
promt.setText(metaInfo);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
關於MifareClassic卡的背景介紹:數據分為16個區(Sector) ,每個區有4個塊(Block) ,每個塊可以存放16字節的數據。
每個區最後一個塊稱為Trailer ,主要用來存放讀寫該區Block數據的Key ,可以有A,B兩個Key,每個Key 長度為6個字節,缺省的Key值一般為全FF或是0. 由 MifareClassic.KEY_DEFAULT 定義。
因此讀寫Mifare Tag 首先需要有正確的Key值(起到保護的作用),如果鑒權成功
然後才可以讀寫該區數據。
執行效果:
參考聯接:
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/nfc/nfc.html
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/nfc/tech/MifareClassic.html
摘自 北京大學-Google Android實驗室