some、sort、splice

語法

arr.some(callback[, thisArg])

實例

function isBiggerThan10(element, index, array) {
  return element > 10;
}
[2, 5, 8, 1, 4].some(isBiggerThan10);  // false
[12, 5, 8, 1, 4].some(isBiggerThan10); // true

檢查數組中是否存在一個值

var fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'mango', 'guava'];

function checkAvailability(arr, val) {
    return arr.some(function(arrVal) {
        return val === arrVal;
    });
}

checkAvailability(fruits, 'kela'); //false
checkAvailability(fruits, 'banana'); //true

將任何值轉換為佈爾值

var TRUTHY_VALUES = [true, 'true', 1];

function getBoolean(a) {
    'use strict';

    var value = a;
    
    if (typeof value === 'string') { 
        value = value.toLowerCase().trim();
    }

    return TRUTHY_VALUES.some(function(t) {
        return t === value;
    });
}


getBoolean(false); // false
getBoolean('false'); // false
getBoolean(1); // true
getBoolean('true'); // true

源碼

// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.17
// Reference: https://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.17
if (!Array.prototype.some) {
  Array.prototype.some = function(fun/*, thisArg*/) {
    'use strict';

    if (this == null) {
      throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.some called on null or undefined');
    }

    if (typeof fun !== 'function') {
      throw new TypeError();
    }

    var t = Object(this);
    var len = t.length >>> 0;

    var thisArg = arguments.length >= 2 ? arguments[1] : void 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      if (i in t && fun.call(thisArg, t[i], i, t)) {
        return true;
      }
    }

    return false;
  };
}

sort語法

arr.sort([compareFunction])

數字排序

var numbers = [4, 2, 5, 1, 3];
numbers.sort(function(a, b) {
  return a - b;
});
console.log(numbers);

// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

實例

var stringArray = ['Blue', 'Humpback', 'Beluga'];
var numericStringArray = ['80', '9', '700'];
var numberArray = [40, 1, 5, 200];
var mixedNumericArray = ['80', '9', '700', 40, 1, 5, 200];

function compareNumbers(a, b) {
  return a - b;
}

console.log('stringArray:', stringArray.join());
console.log('Sorted:', stringArray.sort());

console.log('numberArray:', numberArray.join());
console.log('Sorted without a compare function:', numberArray.sort());
console.log('Sorted with compareNumbers:', numberArray.sort(compareNumbers));

console.log('numericStringArray:', numericStringArray.join());
console.log('Sorted without a compare function:', numericStringArray.sort());
console.log('Sorted with compareNumbers:', numericStringArray.sort(compareNumbers));

console.log('mixedNumericArray:', mixedNumericArray.join());
console.log('Sorted without a compare function:', mixedNumericArray.sort());
console.log('Sorted with compareNumbers:', mixedNumericArray.sort(compareNumbers));
stringArray: Blue,Humpback,Beluga
Sorted: Beluga,Blue,Humpback

numberArray: 40,1,5,200
Sorted without a compare function: 1,200,40,5
Sorted with compareNumbers: 1,5,40,200

numericStringArray: 80,9,700
Sorted without a compare function: 700,80,9
Sorted with compareNumbers: 9,80,700

mixedNumericArray: 80,9,700,40,1,5,200
Sorted without a compare function: 1,200,40,5,700,80,9
Sorted with compareNumbers: 1,5,9,40,80,200,700

字母排序

var items = ['réservé', 'premier', 'cliché', 'communiqué', 'café', 'adieu'];
items.sort(function (a, b) {
  return a.localeCompare(b);
});

// items is ['adieu', 'café', 'cliché', 'communiqué', 'premier', 'réservé']

排序圖

// the array to be sorted
var list = ['Delta', 'alpha', 'CHARLIE', 'bravo'];

// temporary array holds objects with position and sort-value
var mapped = list.map(function(el, i) {
  return { index: i, value: el.toLowerCase() };
})

// sorting the mapped array containing the reduced values
mapped.sort(function(a, b) {
  return +(a.value > b.value) || +(a.value === b.value) - 1;
});

// container for the resulting order
var result = mapped.map(function(el){
  return list[el.index];
});

splice語法

array.splice(start, deleteCount[, item1[, item2[, ...]]])

實例

var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'surgeon'];

// removes 0 elements from index 2, and inserts 'drum'
var removed = myFish.splice(2, 0, 'drum');
// myFish is ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'mandarin', 'surgeon']
// removed is [], no elements removed

// myFish is ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'mandarin', 'surgeon'] 
// removes 1 element from index 3
removed = myFish.splice(3, 1);
// myFish is ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'surgeon']
// removed is ['mandarin']

// myFish is ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'surgeon'] 
// removes 1 element from index 2, and inserts 'trumpet'
removed = myFish.splice(2, 1, 'trumpet');
// myFish is ['angel', 'clown', 'trumpet', 'surgeon']
// removed is ['drum']

// myFish is ['angel', 'clown', 'trumpet', 'surgeon'] 
// removes 2 elements from index 0, and inserts 'parrot', 'anemone' and 'blue'
removed = myFish.splice(0, 2, 'parrot', 'anemone', 'blue');
// myFish is ['parrot', 'anemone', 'blue', 'trumpet', 'surgeon']
// removed is ['angel', 'clown']

// myFish is ['parrot', 'anemone', 'blue', 'trumpet', 'surgeon'] 
// removes 2 elements from index 2
removed = myFish.splice(myFish.length -3, 2);
// myFish is ['parrot', 'anemone', 'surgeon']
// removed is ['blue', 'trumpet']